Key Features of a Parabola


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Glossary

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Example 1

A ball is kicked off a cliff. The data in the table shows the quadratic motion of the ball until it first lands (no bounces).

The ball starts its motion at \(t=0\).

Time (s) Height of Ball (m)
\(0\)
\(1\)
\(2\) \(60\)
\(3\) \(50\)
\(4\) \(30\)
\(5\) \(0\)

A ball is kicked off a cliff, initially rising before forming a curved path downwards.

Example 1 — Part A

  1. Determine the height of the cliff.

Solution — Part A

Time (s) Height of Ball (m)
\(0\) \(50\)
\(1\) \(60\)
\(2\) \(60\)
\(3\) \(50\)
\(4\) \(30\)
\(5\) \(0\)

Example 1 — Part B

  1. Determine how long the ball is in the air.

Solution — Part B

Time (s) Height of Ball (m)
\(0\) \(50\)
\(1\) \(60\)
\(2\) \(60\)
\(3\) \(50\)
\(4\) \(30\)

Example 1 — Part C

  1. Determine the maximum height of the ball.

Solution — Part C

Time (s) Height of Ball (m)
\(0\) \(50\)
\(1\)
\(2\)
\(3\) \(50\)
\(4\) \(30\)
\(5\) \(0\)
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Example 2

The following quadratic data shows the fuel consumption of a car model Fibonauto for various speeds. Determine the most fuel efficient driving speed. 

Speed
(km/h)
Fuel Consumption
(L/100 km)
\(40\) \(12.75\)
\(60\) \(8.75\)
\(80\) \(6.75\)
\(100\) \(6.75\)
\(120\) \(8.75\)

Solution

Fuel consumption

  • is measured in L/100 km.
  • represents how many litres of fuel are burned to travel \(100\) km.

For instance, when travelling at \(60\) km/h the Fibonauto burns \(8.75\) litres of fuel to travel \(100\) km.

Thus, to find the most fuel efficient driving speed, we are trying to find the speed that minimizes the fuel consumption.

The data can be summarized in a graph as shown.

A graph showing the fuel consumption in litres per 100 kilometres versus speed per kilometres per hour.

Since we are told in the question that this data is quadratic, we know the graph is a parabola. Thus, the curve is symmetric about the vertical line passing through the vertex of the parabola. Since the speeds of \(80\) km/h and \(100\) km/h have the same fuel consumptions, the axis of symmetry of the curve must lie halfway between these two points, at \(90\) km/h.

The most fuel efficient driving speed is \(90\) km/h.


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